Disclaimer

Last updated: 6 September 2026

Information to help you understand. Advice for your particular matter.

This website is maintained by Messrs. Koo Jia Hung, Advocates & Solicitors, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The following applies to its articles, case references, tools and other materials.

General information, not legal advice

Material on this website is provided for general information and discussion. It is not legal advice, a legal opinion or a substitute for advice on your particular facts. Malaysian law, court decisions and procedures may change, and an article may not reflect developments after its publication. Obtain appropriate professional advice before acting or refraining from action.

Enquiries and engagement

Reading this website or contacting us does not, by itself, create a solicitor–client relationship or mean that we have accepted instructions. Acceptance is subject to conflict checks and agreed engagement terms. Please do not send confidential or sensitive documents in an unsolicited initial enquiry. Contact us first to discuss an appropriate channel. Nothing here overrides confidentiality duties imposed by law.

Content preparation

Certain information, summaries, translations or visual materials on this website may be prepared or refined with the assistance of artificial intelligence tools. Such assistance does not replace professional judgment or matter-specific legal advice. AI-assisted material, like other website content, may contain inaccuracies or omissions; please contact us if you identify an error.

Case summaries and commentary

Summaries, interpretations and commentary on decided cases reflect the author’s reading and analysis for general information. They are selective and may not capture the full factual background, evidence, parties’ submissions, procedural history or the court’s complete reasoning and qualifications. They should not be treated as a complete or authoritative account of a case, or as a substitute for reading the full judgment. Readers should refer to the full judgment and relevant subsequent decisions to understand the case in context, and obtain advice on how it may apply to their circumstances.

Cases, outcomes and illustrations

Case references and descriptions of experience are provided for context. A listed case is not necessarily a case won by the firm, and past results do not guarantee a similar outcome. Each matter depends on its facts, evidence and applicable law; a decision may also be subject to appeal or later developments. Stock footage and illustrative imagery do not depict the firm’s clients, premises or personnel unless expressly identified as such, and do not imply endorsement.

Accuracy, availability and tools

Although we aim to provide useful information, we do not warrant that website materials are complete, current or free from error, or that access will be uninterrupted. Any fee, duty or other calculator produces an indicative estimate only; the applicable rules, transaction details, exemptions, disbursements and agreed scope must be checked separately. To the extent permitted by Malaysian law, the firm is not liable for loss arising from reliance on general website material. This does not exclude liability or rights that cannot lawfully be excluded, or alter an agreed professional engagement.

Links and intellectual property

External links are provided for convenience. We do not control third-party content, security or privacy practices. Unless otherwise indicated, rights in the firm’s original content, logo and artwork belong to the firm; third-party materials remain subject to their owners’ rights and licences. Reuse must comply with applicable law and permissions. This notice does not restrict uses permitted by law.

Applicable law and contact

This notice is intended to be read in accordance with Malaysian law. Questions or correction requests may be sent to jh@koojiahung.com.my, or addressed to Messrs. Koo Jia Hung, Suite 33-01, 33rd Floor, Menara Keck Seng, 203 Jalan Bukit Bintang, 55100 Kuala Lumpur. For personal data matters, read our Privacy Policy.